如何正确理解“展业三原则”——改革以来外汇管理的一些概念阐述
泛亚电竞 jinqi，yourenrenwei，gaigeyihouwaihuiguanliyaoqiuyinxinganzhao“zhanyesanyuanze”shenchawaihuiyewu，you“guizejianguan”bianchengle“yuanzejianguan”，youyuguoyulongtongernanyibawo，yingxihua“zhanyesanyuanze”;yeyourentichu，“zhanyesanyuanze”jintingliuzaibiaomian，quefapeitaozhiduhexihuaguiding，quefakecaozuoxing，daozhiqinanyizhenzhengluodi。bizheyiwei: waihuiguanliyaoqiuyinxinganzhao“zhanyesanyuanze”shenchawaihuiyewushiyigezhidujinbu，danjucishuowaihuiguanliyou“guizejianguan”zhuanbianwei“yuanzejianguan”zeshibutuodangde，shiyizhongwudao。shijishang，“zhanyesanyuanze”bingfeiwaihuijuduiyinxingtichudeyaoqiu，ershiyinxingyezhanyedejibenyaoqiu;waihuijuyewuxuduiyinxingde“zhanyesanyuanze”jinxingxihua，ershiyaocongwaihuiguanlidejiaodujianduyinxingdui“zhanyesanyuanze”jinxingxihua。jianyuwaihuiguanligaigedexitongxing、luojixinghezhengtixing，bizhepaozhuanyinyu，jiangwaihuiguanligaigezhongxiangguan“zhanyesanyuanze”deyixiegainianjinxingshulibingjiayichengqing，bingjieshi“zhanyesanyuanze”yuyinxing“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”deneizailianxi。
银行“代位监管”不成立
泛亚电竞 muqian，youxiejicengwaihuijuzhengzaizuoyinxing“daiweijianguan”dewenzhang。qishi，waihuiguanliyouyinxing“daiweijianguan”degainianyijingbunengchenglile。
yishifalvshangbuchengli。waihuijushixingzhengjiguan，yinxingshishangyejigou，genju《xingzhengxukefa》deguiding，xingzhengjiguanbunengxiangshangyejigoushouquan，shangyejigoumeiyouxingzhengquan、bunengdaiweixingshixingzhengjiguandequanli。
泛亚电竞 ershiluojishangbuchengli。yinxingzuoweishangyejigoubunengjishiyundongyuanyoushicaipanyuan，fouzehuixingchengyouxiguizedeluojichongtu。
sanshijingjishangbuchengli。“daiweijianguan”xuyaofuchujianguanchengben，meiyouduijiashouru，shangyejigoubuhuizuozheiyangdekuibenshengyi，hekuangyoushidezuikehu、yingxiangzijishengyideshi。
泛亚电竞 sishishijianshangbuchengli。youyushangyeliyidezuoyong，yinqishihezuohuoban，“daiweijianguan”zhishiyixiangqingyuan，xiaoguohencha。
wushi“daiweijianguan”queshizailishishangyouguo，danneishizai《xingzhengxukefa》shishiqian，erqieyinxingshiguojiayinxingshiqi。biruzuichuyouzhongguoyinxingxingshiwaihuiguanlizhineng，zaibiruhoulaidewaihuijushouquanwaihuizhidingyinxingshenhemouxiewaihuiyewudeng。suoyi，yiqianjiang“daiweijianguan”meiyouwenti，xianzaizaijiang“daiweijianguan”jiubuheshile。
“真实性审查”是银行的法定义务，不是“代位监管”
bizherenwei，“daiweijianguan”decuojuezhuyaolaiziduiyinxingjinxing“zhenshixingshencha”dexiangguanguiding。duici，xuyaoshuliqingchu。《waihuiguanlitiaoli》dishiertiaoguiding: “jingyingjiehui、shouhuiyewudejinrongjigouyingdanganzhaoguowuyuanwaihuiguanlibumendeguiding，duijiaoyidanzhengdezhenshixingjiqiyuwaihuishouzhideyizhixingjinxinghelishencha。”zheibiaoming，“zhenshixingshencha”shiguojiafalvguidingyinxingzhutixulvxingdeyiwu。yinxingkaimenzuoshengyi，jiuyaolvxingqifadingyiwu。jiuwaihuiyewueryan，jinxing“zhenshixingshencha”，shiyinxingbixulvxingdefadingyiwu，erbushitiwaihuiju“daiweijianguan”。conglingyigejiaodukan，waihuijuyiqianduiwaihuizhidingyinxingdeyewushenheshouquanwenjianjingfaguiqingliyibeifeizhi，meiyouleshouquan，youhelai“daiweijianguan”?
泛亚电竞 youyushifadingyiwu，bushitiwaihuiju“daiweijianguan”，suoyi，yinxing“zhenshixingshencha”zuoduile，shiyinxingjinleyiwu，shiyinggaide;zuocuolehuomeiyouzuo，shiyinxingmeiyoujindaoyiwu，yingchengdanweifa、huoduzhi、huoshuhudengzeren。zheixiezerenyousheilaizhuijiu?duici，《waihuiguanlitiaoli》mingqueguiding，“waihuiguanlijiguanyouquanduiqiankuanguidingshixiangjinxingjiandujiancha”，jishouquanwaihuijuduiyinxinglvxingfadingyiwuqingkuangjinxingjiandujiancha。ruguoyinxingshi“daiweijianguan”，neimeyinxingzuocuole，waihuijujiuyouliandaizeren，yinwei，tashitinizuoshi，huozheshinishouquantazuode，falishangjiuyouliandaizeren。zhenderuci，waihuijudejiandujianchaquanyejiubuchenglile。kejian，anzhao《waihuiguanlitiaoli》dishiertiaodeguiding，“zhenshixingshencha”duiyinxingshi“fadingyiwu”，waihuijudezhizeshi“jiandujiancha”yinxingzhutilvxingyiwudeqingkuang。
在“真实性审查”中外汇局的职责是监督检查
feichangmingque，duiyujingchangxiangmuwaihuishouzhi，waihuijubuzuodiyixiandezhenshixingshenhecaozuo，diyixiandezhenshixingshenhecaozuoanfalvguidingyingyouyinxinglaizuo。neime，waihuijuzuoshenmeni?yishizuoyinxingzhenshixingshenchadeguidingsheji，ershiduiyinxingzhutilvzhiqingkuangjinxingjiandujiancha。suizhezibenxiangmukeduihuanhexingzhengxukedejianshao，waihuijuduizibenxiangmuwaihuishouzhideyixianhezhunyezaidafudujianshaohuoruohua。zhengtishang，waihuijushiduiyinxingzhutizhenshixingshenchayiwulvxingqingkuangxingshijiandujianchaquan。waihuijuxingshijiandujianchaquandexingshiyou: xianchangdejiancha、choucha;feixianchangdezonglianghecha、zhubihecha;shujuhedui、renyuanxunwen;diannaosaomiao、rengonghedui;danganfucha，jiaoyifushendengdeng。kejian，waihuijushijiandujianchabumen，bushijuticaozuobumen。
银行负责“真实性审查” 的具体操作
genju《waihuiguanlitiaoli》，yinxingjuticaozuowaihuiyewudezhenshixingshencha，baohanyixiajifangmian:
yishiyinxingzaizuowaihuiyewushiyaolvxingfadingyiwu，jinxingzhenshixingshencha，suimeiyouduijiabaochou，danxiangyoufadingquanli。
ershitadefadingyiwushijiedingqingxide，yousandian: anzhaoguowuyuanwaihuiguanlibumendeguidingjinxingshencha、duijiaoyidanzhengdezhenshixingjinxingshencha、duijiaoyidanzhengyuwaihuishouzhideyizhixingjinxingshencha。
泛亚电竞 sanshizhixingwaihuiguanlibumendeguiding。gaigeyiqiandeguidingshishenhejutidanzheng，danzhengqiquanjiuhegui，shaoyigedanzhengjiuweigui，shijishangshixingshixingshenhe。gaigeyihoudeguidinggengyanmi，shishizhixingshenhe: diyi，yaoanzhao(kyb、kyc、odd)sanyuanzeshenhe;dier，shenshenme、zenmeshen、heshishen、sheilaishendouyouyinxingzhutijueding，shideyinxingdeyiwuyuquanliyizhi;disan，waihuijugenjujianguanshijianrenweizhongyaodeyewu、fuzadeyewu，duiqidanzhengrengyoumingqueyaoqiu，guidingzhongyaodedanzhengyinxingbixushenhe，shaolejiushiweigui;disi，yinxingzaishenheguochengzhongjuedejiaoyizhenshixingbuqingchu、meiyoubawodeyewu，keyixiangkehuzhuijiadanzhengjinxingshenshenshencha;diwu，meibiyewushujubixuanguidingzhubishenbao，naruwaihuijujianguanxitong;diliu，yinxingyingdangbawaihuiguanliguidingjutiluoshidaoyewucaozuoguicheng，jiyinxingyingdangyoubaohanwaihuiguanliguidingdewaihuiyewucaozuoguicheng，erqieduiqizhongdewaihuiguanliguidingyingdanglijiezhengque，shijizhixingyeyaofuheguicheng。kejian，waihuiguanligaigeshijiaqiangleyinxingzhenshixingshenhehuanjiedeguanli，shuogaigehou“bushendanle”huo“yinxingshenhezhinengruohuashenzhiquewei”deshuofaxianranbunengchengli，shiduigaigedewujie。eryouwaihuiguanliyaoqiuyinxingwaihuiyewuluoshi“zhanyesanyuanze”，jiudechuwaihuiguanliyou“guizejianguan”zhuanbianchengle“yuanzejianguan”dejielungengshibutuodangde，huixingchengwudao。renheshihou，waihuijianguandoushiyouyuanze、youguizede，erqiegaigehoudejianguanyuanzegengqingchu、jianguanguizegengyanmi。buguo，baluoshi“zhanyesanyuanze”houdewaihuijianguanguinaweiyou“xingshixingjianguan”zhuanbianchengle“shizhixingjianguan”daoshiqiadangde，youzhuyuyinxinglijiezhenshixingshenhedeyiwu。
sishiyinxingshenhejiaoyidanzhengdezhenshixing。jiaoyidanzhengshikehushenqingbanliyewushitigongde，shijiaoyichanshengdeshangyedanzheng，ruguojiaoyidanzhengshizhenshide，neimejiaoyijiushizhenshide。suoyi，youyinxingduijiaoyidanzhengdezhenshixingjinxinghelishenchashiqiadangde、kexingde。tadehelixingzaiyu，yinxingzhanyeyou“sanyuanze”deyaoqiu，erqieyinxingshiyigezhuanyejigou，youzhuanyerenyuanhexitongshebei，duidanzhengshenheyouzhuanyenengli。congzheigeyiyishangjiang，shenduishiyinggaide，ershencuohuomeishenzeyingchengdanzeren。kejian，guoquyouwaihuijujutiguidingyinxingshenchadejiaoyidanzheng，kanqilaihenyange，qishishiyuezudaipao，boduoleyinxingquanliyiwudeyizhixing。zheidaozhiyinxingbeidongshenchahexingshishencha，shiyizhongshengyingdezuofa，buheshili。yinci，zaigaigeshizuolediaozheng，yihuiguigezidefalvdingwei。
泛亚电竞 wushiyuwaihuishouzhideyizhixing。jiwaihuishouzhifangxianghejineyujiaoyidanzhengxianshideyizhi。biru，jiaoyi10wanmeiyuan，xiangguanjiaoyidanzhengzhijianyingdangyizhi，qieshouhuozhidejineyingdangdengyuhuoxiaoyu10wanmeiyuan，dayu10wanmeiyuanjiushibuyizhi。
外汇局具体行使监督检查权
泛亚电竞 waihuijuzaixingshijiandujianchaquandeguochengzhong，zenmecainengpanduanyinxingshianzhao“zhanyesanyuanze”lvxingle“zhenshixingshencha”deyiwuni?shouxian，yingdanganzhaowuzuijiadingfali，tuidingyinxingbanliwaihuiyewudouzuolezhenshixingshencha，erqiedoushizuoduide;qici，kanduiyinxingzhutidejianchajieguo，ruguoyinxingmeiyouanzhaowaihuijudeguidingshencha、banliwaihuiyewu，huoqiyewaihuishouzhichuxianweigui，neimeyinxingbanligaibiwaihuiyewujiumeiyoujindaoshenchayiwu;zaici，yingdangjianghongguanrongrendu，anzhaohongguanguanliyinlingweiguanguanlideyuanze，danghongguanshouzhibujunheng、erqiebunengrongrenshi，shaixuangouchengbujunhengdeyinsuqiye，zaiyouqiyeshouzhiyuantouyanshenjianchadaoyinxingzhongjie。duiyinxingdejiandujiancha，yeyingdangyushijujin，jiangjiujianguandekexuexinghejianguanxiaolv。
yishiduiyinxingzhutijinxingjiancha。jianchayinxingzhuti，zuizhongyaodeshijianchayewucaozuoguicheng。yewucaozuoguichengshi“zhanyesanyuanze”deluodiguize，shiwaihuiguanlizhengcedechuandaojizhi，shizhenshixingshenchazerendefenjieluoshi，yeshijutiyewucaozuozhunqueyufoudeyiju。suoyi，bixujinxingbaokuoyixianeirongdeluojiyanmidejiancha: youmeiyouwaihuiyewucaozuoguicheng;youmeiyoubawaihuiguanliguidingjutiluoshidaoyewucaozuoguicheng;duiwaihuiguanliguidinglijieshifouzhengque;shijizhixingshifoufuheyewucaozuoguicheng;shifoujiuyewucaozuoguichengjinxinglepeixun;yewucaozuoguichengzhidinghexiudingchengxushifouzhengque。xianzaiyourenshuo“zhanyesanyuanze”buluodi，shijishanghendachengduyuanyumeiyouzhongshi“yewucaozuoguicheng”: waihuijuzaiduiyinxingjinxingjianchashi，wangwangshiyitouzhajinhailiangde、fenfanfuzadejutiyewujiqipingzhengzhong，huafeidaliangderenliwuli，erduiyuyinxing“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”zeguanzhubuduo。duiciyingdanggaijin，bukebenmodaozhi。
ershiduiyinxingjinxingyewujiancha。zheishiwaihuijudechuantongqiangxiang。yewujianchadeneirongbaokuo: waihuiyewucaozuoguichengzhixingqingkuang，tongguojianchahuochoucha，querenyewushijicaozuoshifoufuhecaozuoguicheng;yewushujubianhuaqingkuangshifouheli;yewuzhengceshifoufuhewaihuiguanliguiding。chuantongdepaichayeshijianchadeyizhongfangfa，danchengbenhenda，yincizaiyewuliangdadedifang，yingjiangqiyufeixianchangpaichajieheqilai，youzhenduixing、youmubiaofanweidijinxingjiancha，yitigaoxiaolv。
泛亚电竞 sanshiduiyinxingshujujinxinghecha。zheishichuangxindailaidejianguanshouduan。tongguogaigechuangxin，waihuijuyijianliqishujujiancepingtai，jiecikejinxinghoutaidejianceyufenxi，batiaoxianguanlideyewuanzhaoyinxingzhuti、qiyezhuti、guanlianzhutizhengheqilai。zheiyanggengyifaxianwenti，tigaojianguandeliandongxiaolv。
银行“展业三原则”与“外汇业务操作规程”
泛亚电竞 “lejienidekehu、lejienideyewu、helijinzhi”shiyinxingyeguojixingxinggui，huozheshuoshiguojiguanli。geguoyinxingjianguanbumenduicidouyoumingquedeguifan。tashiduiyinxingzuoshideyaoqiuhuozeren，meiyouzuodaojiushimeiyoujinzhi。anzhaosanyuanzeshenchazhenshixing，shijishangshicongxingshixingshenchashangshengdaoshizhixingshenchadeyaoqiu，qiqiantaicishi，zuoduileshiyinggaide，meizuoduihuomeiyouzuojiuyaochengdanzeren，suoyi，yinxingduicihenjinzhang。waihuiguanlishijiezhusanyuanzelaimingqueyinxingzhutidezeren，waihuiguanlibumenbuxuyao、yebukenengduisanyuanzejinxingxihua，fouzejiushihuashetianzu。
dangran，duiyu“zhanyesanyuanze”，yinxingyingdangxihua。yinxingbixujiang“zhanyeyuanze”zhuanhuawei“banshiguize”，yimingquechengxu、guifancaozuo、fenbiequanxian、luoshizeren。jiuwaihuiyewueryan，jiushiyinxingbixuzhiding“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”。zheiyidian，waihuijuzaifanyadianjingmaoyiwaihuiguanligaigeshiyouyanmideanpai。《fanyadianjingmaoyiwaihuiguanlizhiyin》diqitiaomingqueguiding，“jinrongjigouyingdanggenjubenzhiyinjixiangguanguidingzhidingneibuguanlizhidu，mingquexiangguanyewucaozuoguicheng，binganzhaoguojiawaihuiguanliguidingjishibaogaoxiangguanwaihuishouzhixinxi，baogaoyichang、keyixiansuo”;《fanyadianjingmaoyiwaihuiguanlizhiyinshishixize》disitiaodisankuanmingqueguiding，“jinrongjigouyingdanganzhaolejienidekehu、lejienideyewudeyuanzehelijinzhi”;diwutiaomingqueguiding“jinrongjigouyingjiang《zhiyin》hebenxizedengxiangguanguidingluoshidaozishenyewucaozuoguichengzhong，guifanjutiyewucaozuo”。danyihandeshi，gediwaihuijuheyinxingdui“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”tiaokuanzhongshichengdubuyi，daozhi“zhanyesanyuanze”yu“yewucaozuoguicheng”weinengshixianduijie，“zhanyesanyuanze” wufaluodi。suoyi，“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”feichangzhongyao，tajishiwaihuiguanlizhengcedechuandaojizhi，yeshiyinxingzhutiluoshi“zhanyesanyuanze”dejutitixian。zhiyouyoule“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”，caishijiangyinxingzhutiyiwufenjie、xihuadaoleduiyinggangwei;zhiyouyoule“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”，caishijiangwaihuiguanlizhengcechuandaoluoshidaolecaozuohuanjie;zhiyouyoule“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”，caishijiangyinxingzhutidezerenfenjie、luoshidaolezhixingrenyuan。ruguomeiyou“waihuiyewucaozuoguicheng”，yinxingjiushimeiyouluoshi“zhanyesanyuanze”，yinxingyejiumeiyoujindaoyiwu。
(本文仅代表作者个人观点)
